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USBDLM Help. Index. USB Drive Letter Manager V5. Getting Started. Installation. Configuration. Problems. History. Licence agreement. Homepage: http: //www. Initially made for USB drives it can now control drive letters of other drive types too. Running as service makes it independent of the logged on user's privileges, so there is no need to give the users the privilege to change drive letters. It automatically solves conflicts between USB drives and network or subst drives of the currently logged on user. Furthermore you can define new default letters for USB drives, reserve drive letters and much more. It can deal with non USB drives too when a Bus. Type or Device. ID configured. Microsoft USB Root Hub Free Driver Download for Windows 98SE - usb-win98SE-all.exe. World's most popular driver download site. From Windows 10 users, we sometimes get asked about an event that is displayed in the device properties in. USBDLM works with XP, Vista, Windows 7, 8, 8. Windows Server versions. The x. 64 version works on x. Windows only. Windows 2. V4. 8. It is primarily tested under. Windows XP SP3. Windows 7 x. Windows 1. 0USBDLM is not compatible with Microsoft Multipoint Server clients. Installation. USBDLM does not come with a SETUP. USBDLM is a Windows service that gives control over Window's drive letter assignment. Initially made for USB drives it can now control drive letters of other drive. DriverIdentifier is a free software for personal use, it has the largest windows driver database for all laptops & desktops. With DriverIdentifier you can find drvier. What's so special about the X-Box? X-Box FAQ Frequently Asked Questions. Flashing the TSOP of your Xbox Tutorial. X-Box UXE Softmod Installation tutorial. EXE, it's all manual work. See Section Installation. An MSI is available which installs to %Program. Files%\USBDLM. And you can build your own MSI. Conditions. The software is not limited or crippled in any way. It's fully functional without a time limit. There is no . Otherwise a licence is required per computer after a 3. The drive letter can be changed in the Windows Disk Management console, but Windows can save only one drive letter per drive and vice versa. So, you cannot have more than one drive on a high drive letterin succession. With USBDLM you cancheck if the letter is used by a network share of the currently logged on user and assign the next letter that is really available (no configuration required)reserve letters, so they are not used for local drivesassign a letter from a list of new default letters, also dependent on many different criteria as the active user, drive type, type of connection (USB, Fire. Wire), USB port, volume label, size, user and otherslet remove the drive letters of card readers as long as there is no media presentask the user for a password before he can use a drivelet show an balloontip on drive arrival which shows the assigned drive letterrun something on click on the balloontipexecuting an autorun, also depending on the criterions mentioned aboveand much more.. All functions are applied to USB drives at the moment they are being attached, when the USBDLM service starts up and when a user logs on. Instead of letters you can set up empty folders on NTFS drives as mount points too but this brings some limitations and problems, see configuration. Installation. Unzip the distribution file (USBDLM. ZIP), e. g. On NTFS formatted drives this requires admin privileges. As result the files should be in a folder like C: \Program Files\USBDLMUnder Vista and Windows 7/8 I suggest to install USBDLM in a different folder than C: \Program Files, because under this folder changes of the USBDLM. INI made by a non elevated user are redirected into the . Or just always open the INI file by means of the . There is a sample fileincluded called USBDLM. Either rename the sample file or just run the . Under Vista/Win. 7/8/1. Editor elevated, otherwise the USBDLM. INI might be redirected into the virtual store where it has no effect. This is what the . The service starts automatically on Windows startup. Remember: Once installed as service it does not matter from where the service is started. The USBDLM. EXE is loaded from the folder where the . It does not remove any files. Silent. Installation and deinstallation can be done without the message box by using. USBDLM - silentregister. USBDLM - silentderegister. It returns Errorlevel 0 on success, 1 on failure. Start and stop the USBDLM service. You can stop and start the installed service by means of the NET command: net stop USBDLMnet start USBDLMor by means of the . The only exception are settings which result in registration for device notifications (as No. Media. No. Letter=1 or . This is done then when the device in question is reattached or the service is restarted. See configuration. Hint: The command scripts contain simple command lines like. How does it work? Because of the possible space character in the path it must be quoted. Read more about batch parameters and modifiers here: http: //www. Configuration. The desired drive letters or mount points and other settings are defined in a text file called USBDLM. INI located in the same place as the USBDLM. EXE. Modern applications often store their settings in the Windows registry but I don't like that. INI files are the 'classic' approach. Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8, 8. Server 2. 00. 8 (R2), 2. Since Windows Vista the . So, since Vista always edit the INI file as . UTF- 8 works too. How INI files work: INI files have sections leaded in by names in square brackets, e. The settings relevant to that section appear below the section name. Comment lines begin with a semicolon. Never try to deactivate a section this way. Either comment- out all lines of the section or just invalidate the section name like so. With USBDLM V5. 0 this rule is no more. You can have the same section name many times, the priority of unnumbered sections is defined by order of appearence. But this is the case only for sections with criterions as Drive. Letters, On. Arrival, On. Balloon. Click etc, but not for Settings, Balloon. Tips etc. Settings in the Registry: Since V3. USBDLM can read its settings from the registry too. It reads from. HKLM/Software/Uwe Sieber/USBDLMIf this registry key exists, then the USBDLM. INI is ignored! Only the log file settings are read from the INI then. To make USBDLM see changes in the registry, change the (Standard) value under HKLM/Software/Uwe Sieber/USBDLM to any different value than before. USBDLM reads the configuration again then. Here is a sample REG file (do not execute it unchanged): http: //www. For each definition there is a section in the USBDLM. INI with up to 9 drive letter lines. The value numbers have no relation to anything. The values are just evaluated from low numbers upwards to high numbers. Most simple sample that works for USB flash drives and USB harddrives: Before USBDLM V5. This works for drive letters only, not for NTFS mount points! Samples. Since V4. NTFS mountpoints can be assigned, also in addition to a drive letter. Sample for letter U: or V: and two additional NTFS folders. Since V5. 0 then up to 9 additional Letter lines. No letter / remove the drive. To hide a drive (remove it's drive letter) configure a single minus char: Letter=- To remove a drive (prepare it for safe removal) configure two minus chars: Letter=- -To get partition number 1 on a USB disk at X: and hide partition 2. Otherwise all partitions get no letter. To hide partition number 1 on a USB disk and get partition 2 at X: , this will not work: ? For each drive the configured letters are checked and the first available one is used. The drive letter of each partition is removed. Use Drive Letters by Partition Number in this case. Drive letters depending on certain criteria. To apply a section to certain drives only, you can define criteria in this section. If you use multiple then since V5. It still works but is no more required. The sections are tested from . There is no fallback to another section if all configured drive letters in a section are in use! Sample to lock drives above 1. GB and get smaller drives at U, V and W: ;remove the drive letter for drives larger than 1. GB. USBDLM accepts this as long as it is in the same base folder. When using NTFS folders as mount point, you can use the drive's device name or disk name for the folder name: Configure '%Dev. Name%' or '%Volume. Label%' which USBDLM replaces with the drive's device name or the volume label ('disk name') resp. Sample: Assumed the drive's Friendly Name is 'Corsair Flash Voyager'. But USBDLM removes the folder. If it not shall do so. This can be done on next startup or when a user logs on. Configure the folders which contains the NTFS mountpoints. Sample matching to the Drive. Letters section sample above. For compatibility this is disabled by default. Sample to get a drive at U: if available (the first free letter otherwise) and two NTFS folders. Therefore drag'n drop does move files instead to copy them. When a file is deleted in the Windows Explorer then it is moved by default to the Recycle Bin which is a folder in the root of the drive. Only the reference to the file is moved, the contents stay untouched. But when a file is deleted that is located on a drive that is mounted into an NTFS folder, the moving doesn't work, the file must be copied then which may take a while. Deleting a folder to the Recycle Bin doesn't work at all, XP shows a misleading error message. Since Vista it works correctly. So, under XP hold down the Shift key when you delete a file to skip the recycle bin or deactivate the recycle bin for the host drive. In the . But the WPD driver relies on a drive letter for no reason. For drives without a drive letter their WPD driver fails with Code 1. Ask Microsoft why. This is not a problem with USBDLM, it is just because a drive having no drive letter assigned. This is fixed since Windows 8. Settings. Even the section ! There can be only one.. Most settings take effect immediately. Check drive letters on startup. All settings are applied on startup too to catch internal card readers and drives that are attached while booting. If USBDLM shall not do so. Therefore network drives that shall be considered must be configured in section . If required, USBDLM can check the letters on resume. This is deactivated by default because it's usually not required. Workaround: When there are fewer than two minutes since the system is started and the a user is already logged on when the USBDLM services starts, then the Auto. Runs are executed too. Safe command lines. On command lines which contain spaces USBDLM tries to guess where the executable ends and the params begin, e. USBDLM removes the folder by default. If it no shall do so. Codecs.com aka Free-Codecs.com : Download best audio, video codecs and tools for free - daily updated! You don't Need to Select Each File, Randomly it will Collect All Accessible Video Sources from. As of 2012, there are a ton of media players available on the market, and many of them are free. With such a large selection, sometimes it can be hard to pick which. KMPlayer v. 4. 2. Most public codec packs+players forces to install the codec on your computer, while KMP does not. This means that installing KMP will not affect your computer at all. Correction of corrupted files. First, KMP utilizes the . Minor corrupted AVI files can be viewed through previous versions of AVI Splitter. The built- in . 2. MPlayer is a free and open media player software. The program is available for all major operating systems, including Linux, macOS and other Unix-like systems, as. Codecs.com Divx E' il codec più famoso in assoluto, quello che ha cambiato la storia della diffusione dei video online.La versione base è gratuita, quella. Windows Essentials Media Codec Pack provides a set of software codecs for viewing and listening to many forms of media in Windows Media Player. While this. 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November 10, 2014. FOR TODAY'S BELIZE WEATHER, CLICK HERE. Click for our Daily Tropical Weather Report. Specials and Events. Last night's TV news on Channel 7. Lyrics to "The Burden Of Being Wonderful" song by Steel Panther: Why in a world of ugly faces Should I be allowed to be so hot? So many people without talent Yet I w. Good review. My only gripe is they got rid of the all black model and slapped VE on the end but at about $80 cheaper locally, I can live with two tone.However all interpretations have a common point: the increase in traffic and thus the chances of selling. The Web Marketing could be said to be a salesman with supernatural powers that can communicate with those who show willingness to purchase products or services and directs them to you. The purpose of your “seller” is to select those customers that are most likely to buy something from you based on some predetermined criteria. 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I scrambled down the steep, rocky bank of the frozen Yalu River that divides North Korea and China. There were patrols above us and below, and guard posts one hundred yards on either side of us manned by soldiers ready to shoot anyone attempting to cross the border. We had no idea what would come next, but we were desperate to get to China, where there might be a chance to survive. I was thirteen years old and weighed only sixty pounds. Just a week earlier, I’d been in a hospital in my hometown of Hyesan along the Chinese border, suffering from a severe intestinal infection that the doctors had mistakenly diagnosed as appendicitis. I was still in terrible pain from the incision, and was so weak I could barely walk. The young North Korean smuggler who was guiding us across the border insisted we had to go that night. He had paid some guards to look the other way, but he couldn’t bribe all the soldiers in the area, so we had to be extremely cautious. I followed him in the darkness, but I was so unsteady that I had to scoot down the bank on my bottom, sending small avalanches of rocks crashing ahead of me. He turned and whispered angrily for me to stop making so much noise. But it was too late. We could see the silhouette of a North Korean soldier climbing up from the riverbed. If this was one of the bribed border guards, he didn’t seem to recognize us.“Go back!” the soldier shouted. Our guide returned alone.“Let’s go,” he said. The place where we crossed was steep and narrow, protected from the sun during the day so it was still solid enough to hold our weight—we hoped. Our guide made a cell phone call to someone on the other side, the Chinese side, and then whispered, “Run!”The guide started running, but my feet would not move and I clung to my mother. I was so scared that I was completely paralyzed. Looking for some awesome games to drive traffic to your girl game sites? These free fashion games are sure to entertain your girl gamers for hours! Personal ads, some with pictures and videos. Chat and relationship magazine. Skateboarding blog for the Girl Skateboards family, which includes Girl Skateboards, Chocolate Skateboards, Fourstar Clothing, Royal Trucks and Lakai Footwear. The guide ran back for us, grabbed my hands, and dragged me across the ice. When we reached solid ground, we started running and didn’t stop until we were out of sight of the border guards. The riverbank was dark, but the lights of Chaingbai, China, glowed just ahead of us. I turned to take a quick glance back at the place where I was born. The electric power grid was down, as usual, and all I could see was a black, lifeless horizon. I felt my heart pounding out of my chest as we arrived at a small shack on the edge of some flat, vacant fields. I wasn’t dreaming of freedom when I escaped from North Korea. Features news, sports, obituaries and classifieds. Includes subscription information. Welcome to NorthJersey.com, home to the latest local, state, and national news coverage for Bergen County and surrounding areas. Tickets for Concerts, Sports, Theatre and More Online at TicketsInventory.com. I didn’t even know what it meant to be free. All I knew was that if my family stayed behind, we would probably die—from starvation, from disease, from the inhuman conditions of a prison labor camp. The hunger had become unbearable; I was willing to risk my life for the promise of a bowl of rice. But there was more to our journey than our own survival. My mother and I were searching for my older sister, Eunmi, who had left for China a few days earlier and had not been heard from since. We hoped that she would be there waiting for us when we crossed the river. Instead the only person to greet us was a bald, middle- aged Chinese man, an ethnic North Korean like many of the people living in this border area. The man said something to my mother, and then led her around the side of the building. From where I waited I could hear my mother pleading, “Aniyo! No! I knew then that something was terribly wrong. We had come to a bad place, maybe even worse than the one we had left. Both of these events shaped me, and I would not trade them for an ordinary and peaceful life. But there is more to the story of how I became who I am today. Like tens of thousands of other North Koreans, I escaped my homeland and settled in South Korea, where we are still considered citizens, as if a sealed border and nearly seventy years of conflict and tension never divided us. North and South Koreans have the same ethnic backgrounds, and we speak the same language—except in the North there are no words for things like “shopping malls,” “liberty,” or even “love,” at least as the rest of the world knows it. The only true “love” we can express is worship for the Kims, a dynasty of dictators who have ruled North Korea for three generations. The regime blocks all outside information, all videos and movies, and jams radio signals. There is no World Wide Web and no Wikipedia. The only books are filled with propaganda telling us that we live in the greatest country in the world, even though at least half of North Koreans live in extreme poverty and many are chronically malnourished. My former country doesn’t even call itself North Korea—it claims to be Chosun, the true Korea, a perfect socialist paradise where 2. Supreme Leader, Kim Jong Un. Many of us who have escaped call ourselves “defectors” because by refusing to accept our fate and die for the Leader, we have deserted our duty. The regime calls us traitors. If I tried to return, I would be executed. The information blockade works both ways: not only does the government attempt to keep all foreign media from reaching its people, it also prevents outsiders from learning the truth about North Korea. The regime is known as the Hermit Kingdom because it tries to make itself unknowable. Only those of us who have escaped can describe what really goes on behind the sealed borders. But until recently, our stories were seldom heard. Girl From The North Country Bob DylanGirl From The North Country MeaningI arrived in South Korea in the spring of 2. Five years later, I was a sophomore at a top university in Seoul, a police administration major with a growing awareness of the burning need for justice in the land where I was born. I have told the story of my escape from North Korea many times, in many forums. I have described how human traffickers tricked my mother and me into following them to China, where my mother protected me and sacrificed herself to be raped by the broker who had targeted me. Once in China, we continued to look for my sister, without success. My father crossed the border to join us in our search, but he died of untreated cancer a few months later. In 2. 00. 9, my mother and I were rescued by Christian missionaries, who led us to the Mongolian border with China. From there we walked through the frigid Gobi Desert one endless winter night, following the stars to freedom. All this is true, but it is not the whole story. Before now, only my mother knew what really happened in the two years that passed between the night we crossed the Yalu River into China and the day we arrived in South Korea to begin a new life. I told almost nothing of my story to the other defectors and human rights advocates I met in South Korea. I believed that, somehow, if I refused to acknowledge the unspeakable past, it would disappear. I convinced myself that a lot of it never happened; I taught myself to forget the rest. But as I began to write this book, I realized that without the whole truth my life would have no power, no real meaning. With the help of my mother, the memories of our lives in North Korea and China came back to me like scenes from a forgotten nightmare. Some of the images reappeared with a terrible clarity; others were hazy, or scrambled like a deck of cards spilled on the floor. The process of writing has been the process of remembering, and of trying to make sense out of those memories. Along with writing, reading has helped me order my world. As soon as I arrived in South Korea and could get my hands on translations of the world’s great books, I began devouring them. Later I was able to read them in English. And as I began to write my own book, I came across a famous line by Joan Didion, “We tell ourselves stories in order to live.” Even though the writer and I come from such different cultures, I feel the truth of those words echoing inside me. I understand that sometimes the only way we can survive our own memories is to shape them into a story that makes sense out of events that seem inexplicable. Along my journey I have seen the horrors that humans can inflict on one another, but I’ve also witnessed acts of tenderness and kindness and sacrifice in the worst imaginable circumstances. I know that it is possible to lose part of your humanity in order to survive. But I also know that the spark of human dignity is never completely extinguished, and that given the oxygen of freedom and the power of love, it can grow again. This is my story of the choices I made in order to live. PART ONENorth Korea. One. Even the Birds and Mice Can Hear You Whisper. The Yalu River winds like the tail of a dragon between China and North Korea on its way to the Yellow Sea. At Hyesan it opens into a valley in the Paektu Mountains, where the city of 2. The river, usually shallow and tame, is frozen solid during winter, which lasts the better part of the year. This is the coldest part of North Korea, with temperatures sometimes plunging to minus- 4. Fahrenheit. Only the toughest survive. To me, Hyesan was home. Just across the river is the Chinese city of Chaingbai, which has a large population of ethnic Koreans. Families on both sides of the border have been trading with one another for generations. As a child I would often stand in the darkness and stare across the river at the lights of Chaingbai, wondering what was going on beyond my city’s limits. It was exciting to watch the colorful fireworks explode in the velvet black sky during festivals and Chinese New Year. We never had such things on our side of the border. Sometimes, when I walked down to the river to fill my buckets with water and the damp wind was blowing just right, I could actually smell delicious food, oily noodles and dumplings cooking in the kitchens on the other side. The same wind carried the voices of the Chinese children who were playing on the opposite bank.“Hey, you! Are you hungry over there?” the boys shouted in Korean.“No! Shut up, you fat Chinese!” I shouted back. This wasn’t true. How to unlock advanced setup in bios? The laptop has an integrated (R7 graphics) and a dedicated (R7 M2. I could change that if i had the advanced options in bios but i don't have them so i ask if anyone knows how to unlock that hidden page i'll be so happy. Any amateur computer technician should know how to reset BIOS passwords that can be setup from within the BIOS because there are times when they need access to change. Hi, Have you already checked Device Manager if how many GPU is listed under Display Adapters? If there are 2 listed GPU that means it's using both the Intel and AMD card.
Transforming your AVR Microcontroller to the I2. C or TWI Slave I/O Expander Project. The I2. C bus (read as I squared C) is one of the most important embedded system serial bus interface first introduced by Philips in 1. SCL (serial clock) and SDA (serial data) respectively make the I2. C bus is a perfect choice to provide additional I/O capabilities to your microcontroller project without changing your microcontroller type and design in order to increase the I/O port pins.
It is a professional powerful tool which reduces the software development time as much as 3-5X. The environment covers the complete development cycle: algorithm input. Today there are plenty choices of I2. C slave I/O port expander devices available on the market such as Philips PCF8. Microchip MCP2. 30. I/O ports which capable of handling I2. C standard bus speed of 1. Khz or fast speed mode of 4. Khz; the Microchip MCP2. Mhz bus speed. You could read more information about using I2. C interface on my previous posted blog How to use I2. C- bus on the Atmel AVR Microcontroller. The usage of I2. C slave devices is not merely for the I/O expander but it also use to expand your microcontroller capabilities as well as it’s functionalities such as the I2. C real time clock from Maxim DS1. Using Maxim DS1. 30. Real Time Clock with Atmel AVR Microcontroller), Microchip TC1. DAC), Microchip MCP2. ADC), Microchip MCP9. Microchip 2. 4AA1. KB EEPROM. Although there are many types of sophisticated I2. C slave devices available on the market, sometimes we need the I2. C slave device which has the capabilities beyond that, something more powerful, more flexible and yet easy to be configured; the answer to this requirement is to use the microcontroller it self as the I2. C slave device, that is why most of the midrange class microcontrollers have the I2. C slave peripheral feature build inside it. This is what we are going to learn on this tutorial, where the principal we learn here could be applied to other microcontroller type as well. The following is the list of hardware and software used in this tutorial: AVRJazz Mega. Note As an alternative method, it is possible to pass the F. Obviously, in that case, no #define statement should be. Timer interrupts are an excellent way of having your AVR do something at a given interval. They can fire off and interrupt what ever else the AVR is doing making for. High Performance ANSI C Compiler for Atmel AVR microcontrollers. CodeVisionAVR Development Kits. Log In; FREE Shipping; Prices are excl. I2. C master controller which base on the AVR ATmega. P microcontroller (board schema). Jazz. Mate MCP2. 30. Microchip MCP2. 30. I2. C I/O expander. AVRJazz Mega. 16. I2. C slave device which base on the AVR ATmega. Win. AVR for the GNU’s C compiler. Atmel AVR Studio 4 for the coding and debugging environment. STK5. 00 programmer from AVR Studio 4, using the AVRJazz Mega. AVRJazz Mega. 16. STK5. 00 v. 2. 0 bootloader facility. The MCP2. 30. 08 8- bit I/O Expander I2. C slave. The Microchip MCP2. I2. C slave device as it has the 3- bit configurable address (0. I2. C bus which give total of 5. MCP2. 30. 08 also come with 1. As the I2. C slave device, mean the MCP2. I2. C master device to initiate the communication. On this tutorial I will use the AVRJazz Mega. I2. C master controller; the following is the C code for the I2. C master controller.//***************************************************************************. File Name : i. 2cmaster. Version : 1. 0. // Description : AVR I2. C Bus Master. // Author : RWB. Target : AVRJazz Mega. Board. // Compiler : AVR- GCC 4. Win. AVR 2. 00. 90. IDE : Atmel AVR Studio 4. Programmer : AVRJazz Mega. STK5. 00 v. 2. 0 Bootloader. AVR Visual Studio 4. STK5. 00 programmer. Last Updated : 1. September 2. 00. 9. MAX. After receiving its own 7- bit address then the I2. C slave device will response to the I2. C master controller by sending the acknowledge (ACK) signal. Once the I2. C master controller receive the I2. C slave address acknowledge (ACK) signal, then it will start to send the requested register address to the I2. C slave device. The I2. C master controller then will continue to send the data to this register (GPIO) after the acknowledge (ACK) signal from I2. C slave. Next the I2. C master controller will close the communication by sending the STOP signal to the I2. C slave. The write operation to the MCP2. C function Write. The second phase is the actual read process; the I2. C master than resend the START signal or known as restart signal again followed by I2. C slave 7- bit address with read operation and it wait for acknowledge (ACK) signal to be replied by the I2. C slave device. Once the I2. C slave response with acknowledge (ACK) signal then the I2. C master will enter the master receive mode and the I2. C slave will continue to send the requested register data to the I2. C master. Once the I2. C master receive the data it will reply the no acknowledge (NACK) signal to the I2. C slave device which tell the I2. C slave that the read operation is finish and then the I2. C master close the connection by sending the STOP signal. The read operation from the MCP2. C function Read. The delay value will be read from the user trimport on the AVRJazz Mega. PC0 (ADC0) port of the ATMega. P microcontroller. By adjusting this trimport we could adjust the LED display speed; for more information about using the ADC peripheral you could read my previous posted blog Analog to Digital Converter AVR C Programming. After initiate the TWI (Two Wire Interface) peripheral (Atmel’s implementation of the Philips I2. C trademark interface) by calling the i. This could be done by assigning the 8- bit I/O direction register (IODIR) to 0x. You could read more about using the Microchip MCP2. I2. C I/O expander in my previous posted blog Build Your Microcontroller Based PID Control Line Follower Robot.// Initial the MCP2. GP0 to GP7 as Output. Write. The 8- bit data read from OLAT register simply act as the output feedback data and we pass this data back to the ATMega. P PORTD. for(ptr=0; ptr < DATASIZE; ptr++) . The bootloader program is activated by pressing the user switch and reset switch at the same time; after releasing both switches, the 8 blue LED indicator will show that the bootloader program is activate and ready to received command from Atmel AVR Studio 4 STK5. We choose the HEX file and press the Program Button to down load the code into the AVRJazz Mega. AVR ATMega. 16. 8 microcontroller as the I2. C Slave Device. On this last AVR I2. C Slave tutorial we will transform the AVR ATMega. I2. C slave I/O device; as mention above we will use the MCP2. I2. C I/O expander as our I2. C slave model. By emulating the MCP2. AVR ATMega. 16. 8 microcontroller we will have a good example of how to utilize the AVR ATMega. TWI (I2. C) slave peripheral feature and at the same time it will serve as a learning tools of how to program the microcontroller’s base I2. C slave device. The following is the AVR Mega. C code partial emulation of the MCP2. I2. C I/O Expander: //***************************************************************************. File Name : i. 2cslave. Version : 1. 0. Description : I2. C Slave AVR Microcontroller Interface. MCP2. 30. 08 Emulation GPIO = PORTD. Author : RWB. // Target : AVRJazz Mega. Learning Board. // Compiler : AVR- GCC 4. Win. AVR 2. 00. 90. IDE : Atmel AVR Studio 4. Programmer : AVRJazz Mega. STK5. 00 v. 2. 0 Bootloader. AVR Visual Studio 4. STK5. 00 programmer. Last Updated : 1. September 2. 00. 9. MCP2. 30. 08 8 Bit I/O Extention Simulation Address and Register Address. MCP2. 30. 08. ATTiny. ATTiny. 24, ATTiny. As you’ve learned from the MCP2. I2. C I/O expander above, that every I2. C slave device must have the 7- bit address for its identification, the ATMega. I2. C slave address identification in the TWAR (TWI Address) register (for more information please refer to the ATMega. By simply set the TWAR register to the MCP2. I2. C master controller will recognize the ATMega. MCP2. 30. 08 chip, remember we will use the same I2. C master program which drive the MCP2. ATMega. 16. 8 microcontroller I2. C slave mode. The following is the C code that initiates this register: // MCP2. Bit I/O Extension Simulation Address and Register Address. MCP2. 30. 08. The 8- bit TWDR (TWI Data Register) register is responsible to receive and send the data to or from the ATMega. I2. C slave peripheral. Therefore by simply reading this register or writing to this register we could receive or sending the data through the I2. C bus. The last two important register for the ATMega. I2. C slave peripheral operation are TWCR (TWI Control Register) and TWSR (TWI Status Register). To operate the ATMega. I2. C slave mode, first we have to enable the TWI peripheral by setting the TWEN (TWI Enable) bit of the TWCR register to logical “1” and to enable the acknowledge signal for the I2. C master/slave handshake we set the TWEA (TWI Enable Acknowledge) bit of the TWCR register to logical “1“. For the efficient reason on this tutorial I implement the interrupt service routine for the I2. C slave operation, this could be done by setting the TWIE (TWI Enable Interrupt) bit of TWCR register to logical “1” and enable the global interrupt bit (I) on the SREG register by calling the sei() macro definition, the AVR- GCC implementation of the AVR “sei” assembly command. The following C code shows how to set this TWCR register.. The TWINT flag bit has to be reset by software before we start to the next I2. C master/slave handshake. The ISR(TWI. This could be used to change the I2. C slave address identification without changing the TWAR register content. To make the program more interesting and at the same time demonstrating of how we could implement more advance application to the microcontroller’s based I2. C slave device; I decided to use the AVRJazz Mega. ATMega. 16. 8 PB0 to manipulate the simulated MCP2. OLAT register data in the i. The bootloader program is activated by pressing the user switch and reset switch at the same time; after releasing both switches, the 8 blue LED indicator will show that the bootloader program is activate and ready to received command from Atmel AVR Studio 4 STK5. We choose the HEX file and press the Program Button to down load the code into the AVRJazz Mega. Now you could enjoy the following video showing all the experiments we’ve done in this I2. C slave tutorial: The Final Though. The usage of microcontroller’s based I2. Latest News . Now they are fighting with real estate, insurance and credit card companies to get their money back. But recent legislative changes may help prevent similar tragedies from happening in the future. Ross, principal at the school for six years, is in the running for recognition as National Principal of the Year. The animal was scheduled to be put down later Tuesday night. 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